Excavator maintenance and often see the elimination of defects

Clean homework

Introspection and fastening homework

(3) Introspection and adjustment homework

(4) Electrical homework

(5) Smooth homework

(6) tire homework

(7) Adding homework

In addition to doing the above-mentioned maintenance of the excavator in the daily life and livelihood, it is necessary to clean the parts of the excavator on time to prevent the occurrence of defects in the excavator.

Cleaning of excavator spare parts

1, oil cleaning

The oil on the exterior of the part should be scraped off when it is thick. It is obvious that the surface oil should be cleaned in a hot cleaning solution. The common cleaning solution has an alkaline cleaning solution and a composition cleaning agent.

When using an alkaline cleaning solution for hot cleaning, heat to 70-90 ° C, immerse the komatsu excavator spare parts for 10 to 15 minutes, then pour out and rinse with clean water, then blow dry with shortened air.

The need to pay attention is that aluminum alloy parts can not be cleaned in strong alkaline cleaning solution; non-metallic rubber parts should be cleaned with alcohol or brake fluid.

2, the accumulation of carbon

To eliminate the carbon deposit, you can use the simple mechanical cleaning method, that is, use a metal brush or a scraper to clean it up. However, this method is not easy to clean the carbon deposit, and it is easy to damage the appearance of the parts.

It is best to use a chemical method to eliminate the carbon deposit, that is, first use a decarburizing agent (chemical solution) to heat to 80 to 90 ° C, the carbon on the parts is expanded and softened, and then cleaned with a brush or the like.

The excavator is the primary construction machine in earth and stone works, and is used in construction, road construction, water conservancy, open pit mining and national defense projects. If the excavator is not maintained in time, it can have various shortcomings. Based on my own theoretical experience, I will do the following analysis on the often encountered shortcomings of the excavator, for reference only.

1. The excavator cannot start or start hard.

1.1 electrical system shortcomings

1.1.1 The battery power is lacking. At this time, the battery should be charged in time, the battery level should be reflected, and the electrolyte should be replenished to the height of the rule. If you find that the battery is aging and poorly charged, you should change the battery, and pay attention to the daily maintenance of the battery. Do not leave the battery in a deficient shape.

1.1.2 The shortcomings of the starting point Repair or change the mind.

1.1.3 Generator Disadvantages Repair or change the generator.

1.1.4 Line defects Reflect the line and repair.

1.2 Proposed oil circuit shortcomings

1.2.1 Low-pressure oil path air resistance

Under the suction result of the oil pump or the fuel injection pump, the fuel is sent from the fuel tank to the high pressure pump through the low pressure oil passage. If the low-pressure oil circuit is not tightly sealed, or the oil level in the fuel tank is too low, and the vehicle is parked and driven, the air will enter the oil passage; if the temperature is high, the fuel will evaporate, and the air resistance will also form a gas resistance in the low-pressure oil passage. The obligation is unstable, the automatic stall or the proposed machine cannot be started.

1.2.2 Oil circuit blockage

Commonly seen in the oil pipeline blockage are the oil suction pipe, filter screen, diesel filter, fuel tank cover vent hole in the fuel tank. The primary problem that constitutes a blockage in the oil circuit is the injection of diesel fuel that does not conform to the standard, or the incorporation of impurities during the refueling process. The key to prevention is to ensure that the diesel oil is clean and the oil circuit is sealed, the oil circuit is regularly maintained, the diesel filter is cleanly maintained, the filter element is cleaned or replaced in time, and the fuel tank is cleaned in time according to the premise of the homework condition, and the bottom of the fuel tank is completely removed. Sludge and moisture.

1.2.3 Disadvantages of fuel injection pump

The fuel pump plunger and the oil outlet valve are worn out seriously, which constitutes a hard start for the proposed machine. At this time, the plunger and the oil discharge valve coupler should be changed in time.

2, the excavator duty is weak

2.1 It is proposed that the power of the machine is sufficient and the operation is normal, and the speed of the excavator is slow and the excavation is weak.

2.1.1 The hydraulic pump of the excavator is mostly a variable displacement piston pump. The duty must be later. The internal parts of the pump are not avoided and the inner leakage is formed. The data of each parameter is uncoordinated, resulting in lack of flow, excessive oil temperature and speed. Slow, can't build high pressure, so the action is slow and weak. For such problems, the hydraulic pump must be removed for data measurement, the problem address must be confirmed, the accessories that cannot be used continue to be replaced, or the accessories that can be used continue to be repaired, the calibration table can be debugged after reassembly, and the parameters of each circuit (pressure, flow, Power and variables, etc.).

2.1.2 A primary hydraulic component on the excavator - a multi-way distribution valve with a main safety valve, a secondary valve, a relief valve, a charge valve, and the like. If the pressure set by these valves does not reach the standard pressure, it will cause the excavation to be weak. In the rest, if the gap between the valve stem and the valve hole is too large due to wear and tear, the valve stem is not fully returned, and the commutation is not in place, there are many internal leaks, resulting in a lack of flow and a slow speed. For such problems, the multi-way distribution valve should be removed, sent to the execution station for commissioning, and the pressure of all valves should be reset to the standard pressure to eliminate the gap between the valve stem and the valve hole.

2.1.3 The hydraulic spare parts main pump on the imported excavator is equipped with a pilot gear pump. If the pump first participates in the variable of the hydraulic pump and the valve stem of the multi-distribution valve as the pilot oil, it is reversed. If the gear pump wears excessively and does not establish a certain pressure or the safety valve setting on the gear pump does not reach a certain pressure, the hydraulic pump will continue to be in a low flow shape, and the valve stem cannot be completely reversed, resulting in a lack of flow. Slow action, lack of pressure, and lack of energy. For such problems, it is only necessary to change the pilot gear pump or reset the pilot safety valve.

2.2 Everything is normal when the machine is cold, the action is slow when the engine is hot, and the excavation is weak. The problem arises that the internal parts of the hydraulic pump are worn seriously, and the vulnerable parts in the pump must be changed, the side is reassembled, and the debugging table is checked and debugged.

Another primary cause of the slow and weak duty of the excavator is the hydraulic oil change. Therefore, pay attention to monitoring the hydraulic oil quality (viscosity, motility and presence or absence of suspended solids), and change the hydraulic oil that fits the rules on time. Can avoid such shortcomings at a very high level.

3, the excavator walking deviation

3.1 hydraulic pump has shortcomings

In general, the excavator uses a double pump, and the running deviation is often a pump. There is a shortcoming. The simplest method is to reverse the two high-pressure oil pipes of the hydraulic pump, assuming that the original is slower and faster. The slowdown proves that there is a disadvantage in having a pump. Removal method: remove the hydraulic pump, change the damaged parts, and then go to the execution station to debug.

3.2 Travel motor safety valve oil leakage

Leakage of the safety valve will cause the pressure in the system to be too low, so that the running speed of the running motor is not enough, and then the running deviation occurs. The cleaning method is: Change the damaged travel motor safety valve; when making the judgment, the left and right travel motors can be safely swapped to see if they can be deflected during reverse travel.

Problems and answers:

Is the reversing bearing and center reversing joint an instrument? How does the torsion motor work on the body to reverse the body?

There is a term in the book called "Flange Assembly". What kind of equipment is this?

Is the dispatch valve and multi-way valve a device? What is the control valve? What is the insistence on the valve?

Where is the electromagnetic proportional valve, I only know that it is related to the first conduit. . . Can not help analyze the truth (simplified and clear answer, can give examples, try not to use professional terms)?

What exactly is the accumulator? . .

Pumps Hydraulic pumps and pilot pumps are all sorts of things. . .

Why is there no flywheel on the diesel engine on the excavator? . . What is the use of the flywheel?

Is the relief valve inside the cylinder? Is the hydraulic oil returning directly to the hydraulic tank?

In which task is installed, is the pilot oil line controlled high pressure oil circuit controlled?

Is the oil and water separator not used to separate the oil and water from the air? Why is there a diesel tube?

1. The reverse support is a device that mechanically connects the upper and lower body. The center reverse joint is used to connect a component of the hydraulic circuit of the upper and lower body. You think, the car can rotate 360 degrees continuously. The oil pipe is used to connect the upper and lower oil pipes, so the center reverse joint is used. Twisting the motor In fact, you can imagine the relationship between the helicopter propeller and the fuselage. The lower body can not turn because of the friction with the ground. If the machine is lifted, it will turn.

2. The flange is a part that connects the pipe and the pipe to each other and is connected to the pipe end. There are holes in the flange, and the bolts make the two flanges tightly connected.

3, the control valve should be called the main control valve, the primary effect is to control the hydraulic oil to play the valve, by the cab in the operating lever, pedals to control. If you insist on the valve, you should call it an anti-drip valve. The effect is to prevent the mechanical giant arm from falling down when the flame is turned off or the operation is not lowered.

4, a little forgotten lost

5, the accumulator is very simple, the effect is that within a short period of time after the start of the machine, the operator can still put the machine into a safe posture, for example, the launching machine does not turn off in the mission form, the start can not afford, this If the boom is still suspended in the air, there must be hidden dangers. At this time, the pressure stored in the accumulator can be opened under the operation of the operator, and the boom can be slowly lowered to a safe posture.

6. The initiator supplies power to the hydraulic pump. P1P2 is the left and right pump of the hydraulic pump. The left pump supplies hydraulic power to several measures. The right pump supplies power to several other measures. Sometimes, the two pumps together give a large demand. The power of the initiative to supply power. The pilot pump is a device that supplies power to the cab operating lever and pedal. For example, the remote control is used by people to press it. However, it must be installed first. The pilot pump is the battery.

7. The flywheel is used to connect the initiator and the transmission shaft in the car. It is a switch of the power transmission vulcanizer. When the car is shifting, the separation of the party is to disconnect the power, then shift the gear, and then spread the separation party. The power is connected from the new. The excavator does not have a gearbox, so there is no need to use the power transmission connection and disconnection, so there is no flywheel.

8, should be in the tail of the cylinder. It's just a container inside. Back to the oil is basically back to the mailbox, there are some extraordinary local and different, look at the status of the task and some of the valve switch. This is a good answer one by one, you will be clear when you carefully study the hydraulic chart for a few days. But most of them will be directly in the mailbox.

9. If you have carefully read the previous reply, this task is installed as the main control valve.

10, oil and water are of course away from the oil and water, of course, there are oil. Where is the oil in the air?